2022 was a dismal year for financial markets. Major United States stock indices moved lower, trimming or eliminating the previous year’s gains.
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- The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, which had gained about 27 percent in 2021, dropped almost 20 percent in 2022.
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- The Nasdaq Composite Index, which had gained more than 21 percent in 2021, lost about 33 percent in 2022.
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- The Dow Jones Industrial Average, which had gained about 19 percent in 2021, fell almost 9 percent in 2022. It’s performance reflected the improved performance of value stocks.
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Bond markets didn’t fare much better. As rates moved higher, the value of previously issued bonds moved lower. The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index dropped about 13 percent during 2022. The silver lining is that bonds now offer more attractive yields, opening new opportunities for income investors.
2022 may be remembered for inflation, rising interest rates, and geopolitical turmoil
Inflation was a dominant concern throughout the year. In January, the Consumer Price Index showed that prices were up 7.5 percent year-over-year. Inflation issues were exacerbated when Russia invaded Ukraine at the end of February.
“Despite weeks of buildup, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24 was unexpected and sent shock waves through commodities markets still struggling with the after-effects of the pandemic…the price of Brent crude oil [rose] to $123 on March 8, up from $92 a barrel on Feb. 23…The war also upended grain markets. Ukraine and Russia both export masses of wheat plus other food, and prices leapt as the Black Sea, through which much grain gets dispatched, descended into a battle zone…However, the laws of economics worked, and higher prices did become the cure for high prices,” reported Simon Constable of Barron’s.
From March through December, the Federal Reserve aggressively tightened monetary policy in an effort to slow the economy and inflation. The Fed raised the federal funds rate seven times and lifted the effective federal funds rate from near zero to 4.33 percent. Despite the Fed’s efforts, inflation persisted as consumer spending, which is the primary driver of U.S. economic growth, proved resilient for much of the year. In November, consumer spending slowed significantly.
Will 2023 bring a recession or a soft landing?
The question that has been on everyone’s mind is whether the slowdown will become a recession. Opinions differ widely. In late December, economists participating in a Bloomberg poll said there was a 70 percent chance of recession in 2023. In contrast, economists at a major investment bank say the U.S. will experience a soft landing in 2023. A soft landing occurs when the economy slows, and inflation falls, without a recession.
The inverted U.S. Treasury yield curve tells its own story. The New York Federal Reserve wrote,
“The yield curve – specifically, the [difference] between the interest rates on the ten-year Treasury note and the three-month Treasury bill – is a valuable forecasting tool. It is simple to use and significantly outperforms other financial and macroeconomic indicators in predicting recessions two to six quarters ahead.”
At the end of 2022, the three-month Treasury yielded 4.42 percent and the 10-year Treasury yielded 3.88 percent. The difference is -0.54, which puts the chance of recession between 40 percent and 50 percent, according to the New York Fed’s model.
“2022 will likely be remembered as a year when conventional wisdom about a new market and new economy was destroyed, and investors once again learned that ‘it’s not different this time’…Investors were once again brought back to economic and financial reality, a reality where profits matter, interest rates can go up, inflation can rise, and geopolitical risks are real,” stated a source cited by Jack Denton of Barron’s.
| Data as of 12/30/22 | 1-Week | Y-T-D | 1-Year | 3-Year | 5-Year | 10-Year |
| S&P 500 Index | -0.1% | -19.4% | -19.7% | 6.0% | 7.3% | 10.4% |
| Dow Jones Global ex-U.S. Index | -0.1 | -18.8 | -18.6 | -2.1 | -1.6 | 1.6 |
| 10-year Treasury Note (yield only) | 3.9 | N/A | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
| Gold (per ounce) | 0.7 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 0.9 |
| Bloomberg Commodity Index | 0.2 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 11.7 | 5.0 | -2.0 |
S&P 500, Dow Jones Global ex-US, Gold, Bloomberg Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods.
Sources: Yahoo! Finance; MarketWatch; djindexes.com; U.S. Treasury; London Bullion Market Association.
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly. N/A means not applicable.
OPTIMISM AND HOPE FOR THE NEW YEAR. As 2022 ended, many people shared what they anticipated in the new year. From a World Cup record to peak China, here are a few of the stories that caught our attention:
The beautiful game.“…the U.S. Women’s National Team will look to defend their 2019 [World Cup soccer] title at the tournament cohosted by Australia and New Zealand. The four-time World Cup champs…could become the first team in either the women’s or men’s game to win three successive World Cups,” reported Lisa Antonucci of NBC Sports.
The Great American Solar Eclipse. On October 14, …the Moon will again pass directly between Earth and the Sun – but this time it will not quite completely cover the solar disk, instead turning it into a thin ‘ring of fire.’ This annular (Latin for ring-shaped) eclipse will be visible within a roughly 125-mile-wide path from Oregon to Texas and on into Mexico and northern South America,” reported the American Astronomical Society.
Healthcare advances. “According to reports, science seems on the threshold of unlocking the mysteries that could lead to cures or game-changing treatments for diabetes, Parkinson’s, HIV, many types of cancers and heart conditions, and more. When it comes to modern medicine, there’s reason to hope that 2023 will be the Year of Miracles,” wrote Gary Abernathy for the Washington Post.
A change in China’s influence. “Some time in April China’s population will be overtaken by India’s, at around 1.43 [billion]. With China’s population in decline, and its economy facing headwinds, expect much discussion of whether China has peaked,” wrote Tom Standage of The Economist.
Strength in optimism. “… conventional wisdom is likely to be wrong. That’s what makes me so hopeful and so eager for the future: the widespread doom and gloom. What good is pessimism? I used to think hope was a product of external facts, but the school of life has convinced me otherwise. Hope is a choice, strengthened through practice; not a reflection of light, but light itself,” wrote David Von Drehle for the Washington Post.
What are you looking forward to in 2023?
Weekly Focus – Think About It
“We cannot direct the wind, but we can adjust the sails.”
—Dolly Parton, singer and philanthropist
Best regards,
DEAN, JACOBSON FINANCIAL SERVICES
